What is a hybrid entity? A new tax structure already in place to mitigate tax risk

• We understand an entity is deemed to be a hybrid entity, if an entity is
  1. classified differently in the US and another jurisdiction, and
  2. due to the differences in classification, no tax is paid in either US or the foreign jurisdiction.
• To mitigate against the risk that the Singapore Financing SPV (receiving cash from US Parent REIT in the form of interest on shareholder loan) is being deemed a hybrid entity, a decision was made by Manulife US REIT to stream this cashflow via Barbados entities earlier this year.
• Under Barbados tax laws, the entities formed by Manulife US REIT are subject to tax ranging from
  • 2.5% on income received up to US$5m,
  • 2.0% on income received in excess of US$5m up to US$10m
  • 1.5% on income received in excess of US$10m up to US$15m
  • 0.25% on income received in excess of US$15m
• Thus, by using the Barbados entity which pays corporate tax, it avoids one of the criteria for being deemed a hybrid entity, namely no tax being paid.
• Furthermore, as the Barbados entities are
  1. currently treated as a Barbados limited partnership and a partnership for Barbados tax purposes, and
  2. based on legal and tax advice,
  these Barbados entities are treated as partnerships under the US tax laws, it also avoids another condition of the Barbados entity deemed to be a hybrid entity i.e. an entity being treated and classified as a different entity in the US and in a foreign jurisdiction.
• Do note when cash is repatriated back to Singapore from Barbados, we understand no withholding taxes are payable.

Areas of potential risk for the Barbados entity classification

• As the US tax authorities have not provided any rulings or guidance on the validity of the use of Barbados entities since the start of the year and there is no clarity on timing on when this may happen, this creates some degree of uncertainty and regulatory/tax risk for Manulife US REIT.
• However, we believe the following are potential areas which may cause the US tax authorities to rule that the Barbados entities are hybrid entities:
  1. The US tax authorities may decide that Barbados entities are not partnerships under the US tax code
  2. While the Barbados entities pay tax, the tax paid is too low
  3. The US authorities may look at MUST’s tax structure in its entirety or on a look through basis and ignore the Barbados entities and focus on the Singapore Financing SPV.

Financial impact on potential negative ruling

• Based on Manulife US REIT’s estimates, in the worst-case scenario, if it is unable to claim tax deduction on interest on shareholder loans at the US Parent entity level, and income needs to be streamed back to Singapore for dividends where 30% withholding tax is applied, the impact on DPU would be approximately 15%.
• This is smaller than the 30% withholding tax as even if the US Parent REIT is not able to claim a tax deduction on interest on shareholder loans, it is able to gain a tax shield from the depreciation of its properties.
• We understand one way of potentially mitigating the loss of interest tax deductibility is to
  1. increase the depreciation rate either via accelerated depreciation, or
  2. increasing the book value of its buildings.
• Furthermore, we understand that in the event of a negative ruling occurring, Manulife US REIT would explore other potential structures and other jurisdictions that may reduce its effective tax rate.
• While Manulife US REIT has contingency plans, it is still unclear what is the exact ruling of the US tax authorities, and thus it is difficult to make a determination on the effective tax rate going forward and whether it would rise from current 1%.

Jumping at shadows

• Given the current weak market sentiment, we believe it is natural for investors to fear the worst, jump at shadows and place more emphasis on risk factors that have been present all along.
• However, with greater clarity provided from Manulife US REIT’s management on its tax structure and better understanding by investors, subject to a final determination by the US tax authorities, investor confidence in Manulife US REIT should be restored over time.
• Therefore, given that the markets that Manulife US REIT’s properties are located are on an upturn, we reiterate our BUY call and Target Price of US$0.97.
• At current levels, Manulife US REIT in our view offers compelling value, trading on a FY18 yield of 7.7% or close to - 1SD of its mean yield of 7.1% since Manulife US REIT’s listing, and c.10% discount to book.
• Assuming the worst case resulting in a 15% cut in DPU, Manulife US REIT would trade close to 6.5% yield, slightly below its historical average yield of 7.1%. Note that Manulife US REIT will report its 3Q18 results on onday, 5 November 2018.